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[1266] Exod. 15:3
[1267] cf. IIIa, q. 16, on predication of idioms or properties
[1268] Ibid., Ia, q. 45, a. 5
[1269] Matt. 11:27
[1270] Ibid., 28:18
[1271] Ibid., 28:19. See also IIIa, q. 13, a. 2,
ad 1
[1272] cf. IIIa, q. 17, a. 2
[1273] Ibid., q. 13, a. 2, c. (end); see also Ia, q.
105, a. 1, 5, 6; q. 110, a. 2
[1274] cf. De revelatione, Bk. I, chap. 19, a. 3, on the
discernibility of the miracle, where this subject has been fully
treated by the author, in which it is shown that the most universal
effects can be produced only by God, who is the most universal cause,
and these are produced by Him as the principal cause
[1275] Eph. 1:10
[1276] cf. Ia, q. 45, a. 5
[1277] In the expression "'physically instrumental causality, "
the term "physical', is not used in opposition to either metaphysical
or spiritual and incorporeal, but to moral causality, by which the
object proposed attracts the agent to act, or it is a causality that
operates by way of merit, satisfaction, or prayer. The question
concerns the instrumental production of some effect that is either
corporeal, as in the case of physical miracles, or spiritual, as in
the production of grace.
[1278] Among those theologians who admit only a moral causality, we
mention St. Bonaventure, Durandus, Scotus, Vasquez, Melchior
Cano, Franzelin. On the contrary, St. Thomas, the Thomists,
Suarez, Billot, and several others admit also a physically
instrumental causality
[1279] Summa theol., Ia IIae, q. 112, a. 1.
[1280] Luke 6:19
[1281] Ibid., 8:46
[1282] John 10:25
[1283] Denz., no. 123
[1284] Lauda Sion, liturgical hymn for Mass of Corpus Christi.
[1285] cf. IIIa, q. 8, a. 1, ad 1; see also IIIa, q.
48, a. 6; q. 49, a. 1; q. 50, a. 6; q. 62, a.
1; De potentia, q. 6, a. 4
[1286] Heb. 7:25
[1287] Denz., no 940
[1288] cf. E. Hugon, O.P., La causalite instrumentale en
theologie, chap. 3, pp. 73-118; especially, pp.
101f., 108, 111; see also Summa theol., IIIa, q.
48, a. 6, ad 2
[1289] cf. IIIa, q. 8
[1290] Ibid., q. 13, a. 3, ad 2; also q. 14, a. 1
[1291] Ibid., q. 13, a. 4, ad 3; also q. 18, a. 5;
q. 21, a. 4.
[1292] Matt. 26:39
[1293] Summa theol., q. 21, a. 4.
[1294] For this same reason Christ merited absolutely the efficacious
graces bestowed or to be bestowed on men. Other graces that are not
bestowed, these He merited in a qualified sense, namely, as
offered, but not as bestowed. Thus, as will be stated farther on,
His passion is of infinite value inasmuch as it sufficed for the
salvation of all men, and it was efficacious to those to whom it is
applied, namely, to the baptized children and to adults who place no
obstacle in the way. But efficacious grace is included in the
sufficient grace that is offered to the sinner, just as the fruit is
included in the flower. Yet, if the sinner of his own accord refuses
the sufficient grace, he deserves to be deprived of the efficacious
grace
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