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1. But David fell now into a very grievous sin, though he were
otherwise naturally a righteous and a religious man, and one that
firmly observed the laws of our fathers; for when late in an
evening he took a view round him from the roof of his royal
palace, where he used to walk at that hour, he saw a woman
washing herself in her own house: she was one of extraordinary
beauty, and therein surpassed all other women; her name was
Bathsheba. So he was overcome by that woman's beauty, and was not
able to restrain his desires, but sent for her, and lay with her.
Hereupon she conceived with child, and sent to the king, that he
should contrive some way for concealing her sin (for, according
to the laws of their fathers, she who had been guilty of adultery
ought to be put to death). So the king sent for Joab's
armor-bearer from the siege, who was the woman's husband, and his
name was Uriah. And when he was come, the king inquired of him
about the army, and about the siege; and when he had made answer
that all their affairs went according to their wishes, the king
took some portions of meat from his supper, and gave them to him,
and bade him go home to his wife, and take his rest with her.
Uriah did not do so, but slept near the king with the rest of his
armor-bearers. When the king was informed of this, he asked him
why he did not go home to his house, and to his wife, after so
long an absence; which is the natural custom of all men, when
they come from a long journey. He replied, that it was not right,
while his fellow soldiers, and the general of the army, slept
upon the ground, in the camp, and in an enemy's country, that he
should go and take his rest, and solace himself with his wife. So
when he had thus replied, the king ordered him to stay there that
night, that he might dismiss him the next day to the general. So
the king invited Uriah to supper, and after a cunning and
dexterous manlier plied him with drink at supper, till he was
thereby disordered; yet did he nevertheless sleep at the king's
gates without any inclination to go to his wife. Upon this the
king was very angry at him; and wrote to Joab, and commanded him
to punish Uriah, for he told him that he had offended him; and he
suggested to him the manner in which he would have him punished,
that it might not be discovered that he was himself the author of
this his punishment; for he charged him to set him over against
that part of the enemy's army where the attack would be most
hazardous, and where he might be deserted, and be in the greatest
jeopardy, for he bade him order his fellow soldiers to retire out
of the fight. When he had written thus to him, and sealed the
letter with his own seal, he gave it to Uriah to carry to Joab.
When Joab had received it, and upon reading it understood the
king's purpose, he set Uriah in that place where he knew the
enemy would be most troublesome to them; and gave him for his
partners some of the best soldiers in the army; and said that he
would also come to their assistance with the whole army, that if
possible they might break down some part of the wall, and enter
the city. And he desired him to be glad of the opportunity of
exposing himself to such great pains, and not to be displeased at
it, since he was a valiant soldier, and had a great reputation
for his valor, both with the king and with his countrymen. And
when Uriah undertook the work he was set upon with alacrity, he
gave private orders to those who were to be his companions, that
when they saw the enemy make a sally, they should leave him.
When, therefore, the Hebrews made an attack upon the city, the
Ammonites were afraid that the enemy might prevent them, and get
up into the city, and this at the very place whither Uriah was
ordered; so they exposed their best soldiers to be in the
forefront, and opened their gates suddenly, and fell upon the
enemy with great vehemence, and ran violently upon them. When
those that were with Uriah saw this, they all retreated backward,
as Joab had directed them beforehand; but Uriah, as ashamed to
run away and leave his post, sustained the enemy, and receiving
the violence of their onset, he slew many of them; but being
encompassed round, and caught in the midst of them, he was slain,
and some other of his companions were slain with him.
2. When this was done, Joab sent messengers to the king, and
ordered them to tell him that he did what he could to take the
city soon; but that, as they made an assault on the wall, they
had been forced to retire with great loss; and bade them, if they
saw the king was angry at it, to add this, that Uriah was slain
also. When the king had heard this of the messengers, he took it
heinously, and said that they did wrong when they assaulted the
wall, whereas they ought, by undermining and other stratagems of
war, to endeavor the taking of rite city, especially when they
had before their eyes the example of Abimelech, the son of
Gideon, who would needs take the tower in Thebes by force, and
was killed by a large stone thrown at him by an old woman; and
although he was a man of great prowess, he died ignominiously by
the dangerous manner of his assault: that they should remember
this accident, and not come near the enemy's wall, for that the
best method of making war with success was to call to mind the
accidents of former wars, and what good or bad success had
attended them in the like dangerous cases, that so they might
imitate the one, and avoid the other. But when the king was in
this disposition, the messenger told him that Uriah was slain
also; whereupon he was pacified. So he bade the messenger go back
to Joab and tell him that this misfortune is no other than what
is common among mankind, and that such is the nature, and such
the accidents of war, insomuch that sometimes the enemy will have
success therein, and sometimes others; but that he ordered him to
go on still in his care about the siege, that no ill accident
might befall him in it hereafter; that they should raise bulwarks
and use machines in besieging the city; and when they have gotten
it, to overturn its very foundations, and to destroy all those
that are in it. Accordingly the messenger carried the king's
message with which he was charged, and made haste to Joab. But
Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah, when she was informed of the death
of her husband, mourned for his death many days; and when her
mourning was over, and the tears which she shed for Uriah were
dried up, the king took her to wife presently; and a son was born
to him by her.
3. With this marriage God was not well pleased, but was thereupon
angry at David; and he appeared to Nathan the prophet in his
sleep, and complained of the king. Now Nathan was a fair and
prudent man; and considering that kings, when they fall into a
passion, are guided more by that passion than they are by
justice, he resolved to conceal the threatenings that proceeded
from God, and made a good-natured discourse to him, and this
after the. manner following: - He desired that the king would
give him his opinion in the following case: - There were," said
he, "two men inhabiting the same city, the one of them was rich,
and [the other poor]. The rich man had a great many flocks of
cattle, of sheep, and of kine; but the poor man had but one ewe
lamb. This he brought up with his children, and let her eat her
food with them; and he had the same natural affection for her
which any one might have for a daughter. Now upon the coming of a
stranger to the rich man, he would not vouchsafe to kill any of
his own flocks, and thence feast his friend; but he sent for the
poor man's lamb, and took her away from him, and made her ready
for food, and thence feasted the stranger." This discourse
troubled the king exceedingly; and he denounced to Nathan, that
"this man was a wicked man who could dare to do such a thing; and
that it was but just that he should restore the lamb fourfold,
and be punished with death for it also." Upon this Nathan
immediately said that he was himself the man who ought to suffer
those punishments, and that by his own sentence; and that it was
he who had perpetrated this 'great and horrid crime. He also
revealed to him, and laid before him, the anger of God against
him, who had made him king over the army of the Hebrews, and lord
of all the nations, and those many and great nations round about
him; who had formerly delivered him out of the hands of Saul, and
had given him such wives as he had justly and legally married;
and now this God was despised by him, and affronted by his
impiety, when he had married, and now had, another man's wife;
and by exposing her husband to the enemy, had really slain him;
'that God would inflict punishments upon him on account of those
instances of wickedness; that his own wives should be forced by
one of his sons; and that he should be treacherously supplanted
by the same son; and that although he had perpetrated his
wickedness secretly, yet should that punishment which he was to
undergo be inflicted publicly upon him; "that, moreover," said
he, "the child which was born to thee of her shall soon die."
When the king was troubled at these messages, and sufficiently
confounded, and said with tears and sorrow that he had sinned,
(for he was without controversy a pious man, and guilty of no sin
at all in his whole life, excepting those in the matter of
Uriah,) God had compassion on him, and was reconciled to him, and
promised that he would preserve to him both his life and his
kingdom; for he said that, seeing he repented of the things he
had done, he was no longer displeased with him. So Nathan, when
he had delivered this prophecy to the king, returned home.
4. However, God sent a dangerous distemper upon the child that
was born to David of the wife of Uriah, at which the king was
troubled, and did not take any food for seven days, although his
servants almost forced him to take it; but he clothed himself in
a black garment, and fell down, and lay upon the ground in
sackcloth, entrusting God for the recovery of the child, for he
vehemently loved the child's mother; but when, on the seventh
day, the child was dead, the king's servants durst not tell him
of it, as supposing that when he knew it, he would still less
admit of food, and other care of himself, by reason of his grief
at the death of his son, since when the child was only sick, he
so greatly afflicted himself, and grieved for him: but when the
king perceived that his servants were in disorder, and seemed to
be affected, as those who are very desirous to conceal something,
he understood that the child was dead; and when he had called one
of his servants to him, and discovered that so it was, he arose
up and washed himself, and took a white garment, and came into
the tabernacle of God. He also commanded them to set supper
before him, and thereby greatly surprised his kindred and
servants, while he did nothing of this when the child was sick,
but did it all when he was dead. Whereupon having first begged
leave to ask him a question, they besought him to tell them the
reason of this his conduct; he then called them unskillful
people, and instructed them how he had hopes of the recovery of
the child while it was alive, and accordingly did all that was
proper for him to do, as thinking by such means to render God
propitious to him; but that when the child was dead, there was no
longer any occasion for grief, which was then to no purpose. When
he had said this, they commended the king's wisdom and
understanding. He then went in unto Bathsheba his wife, and she
conceived and bare a son; and by the command of Nathan the
prophet called his name Solomon.
5. But Joab sorely distressed the Ammonites in the siege, by
cutting off their waters, and depriving them of other means of
subsistence, till they were in the greatest want of meat and
drink, for they depended only on one small well of water, and
this they durst not drink of too freely, lest the fountain should
entirely fail them. So he wrote to the king, and informed him
thereof; and persuaded him to come himself to take the city, that
he might have the honor of the victory. Upon this letter of
Joab's, the king accepted of his good-will and fidelity, and took
with him his army, and came to the destruction of Rabbah; and
when he had taken it by force, he gave it to his soldiers to
plunder it; but he himself took the king of the Ammonites' crown,
whose weight was a talent of gold; and it had in its middle
a precious stone called a sardonyx; which crown David ever after
wore on his own head. He also found many other vessels in the
city, and those both splendid and of great price; but as for the
men, he tormented them, and then destroyed them; and when he
had taken the other cities of the Ammonites by force, he treated
them after the same manner.
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