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To understand what our interior life is in itself and in its
various phases, we must consider it not merely in its seed, but in
its full and complete development. Now, if we ask the Gospel what
our interior life is, it tells us that the life of grace, given to
us in Baptism and nourished by the Eucharist, is the seed or germ
of eternal life.
According to St. Matthew's account of the Sermon on the Mount,
preached by Christ at the beginning of His ministry, our Lord says
to His hearers (and it is the burden of the whole of His
discourse):
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'Be ye perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect.'
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He
does not say:
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'Be ye as perfect as the angels,'
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but
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'as your
heavenly Father is perfect.' [21]
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It follows, therefore, that
Christ brings to men a principle of life which is a participation
of the very life of God. Immeasurably above the various kingdoms
of nature: the mineral kingdom, the vegetable, the animal kingdom,
and even above the kingdom of man and above the natural activity
of the angels, is the life of the kingdom of God. And this life in
its full development is called, not the future life -- of which
even the better among the pre-Christian philosophers spoke-but
eternal life; a life measured, like that of God, not by future
time, but by the one instant of motionless eternity.
The future life of which the philosophers speak is a natural life,
similar almost to the life of the angels; whereas eternal life, of
which the Gospel speaks, is essentially supernatural, as much for
the angels as for us. It is not merely superhuman, it is
superangelic, truly divine. It consists in seeing God immediately
as He sees Himself, and in loving Him as He loves Himself. This is
the reason why our Lord can say to you:
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'Be ye perfect as your
heavenly Father is perfect' ;
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because you have received a
participation in His inner life.
While the Old Testament speaks of eternal life only in figure,
under the symbol of the Promised Land, the New Testament, and
especially the Gospel of St. John, speaks of it continually; and
from that time forth it has become almost impossible to conclude a
sermon without mentioning eternal life, as that supreme beatitude
to which we are called and destined.
But the Gospels, and especially the Gospel of St. John, tell us
more about grace; we are told that grace is eternal life already
begun.
In the fourth Gospel our Lord is recorded as saying no fewer than
six times:
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'He that believeth in me hath eternal life.' [22]
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And
it is not only in the future that he will have it, if he
perseveres; in a sense he possesses it already:
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'He that eateth my
flesh and drinketh my blood hath eternal life, and I will raise
him up in the last day.' [23]
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What is the meaning of these words?
Our Lord explains them later:
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'Amen, amen, I say to you: If any
man keep my word he shall not see death for ever. The Jews
therefore said: Now we know that thou hast a devil. Abraham is
dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest: If any man keep my word
he shall not taste death for ever.... Whom dost thou make
thyself?' It was then that Jesus said: 'Before Abraham was, I am.'
[24]
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What, then, does our Lord mean when He says: 'He that believeth in
me hath eternal life'? He means: He that believes in Me with a
living faith, that is, with a faith which is united with charity,
with the love of God and the love of his neighbour, possesses
eternal life already begun. In other words: He who believes in Me
has within himself in germ a supernatural life which is
fundamentally the same as eternal life. Our spiritual progress
cannot tend in the direction of the life of eternity unless it
presupposes the seed of it already existing in us, a seed of the
same nature as the life towards which we are tending. In the
natural order, the germ which is contained in the acorn could
never grow into an oak tree unless it were of the same nature as
the oak, if it did not contain the life of the oak in a latent
state. The little child, likewise, could never become a man if it
had not a rational soul, if reason were not already latent within
it. In the same way, a Christian on earth could never become one
of the blessed in heaven unless he had already received the divine
life in Baptism.
And just as it is impossible to know the nature of the germ
enclosed within the acorn unless we study it in its perfect state
in the oak tree, so we cannot know the life of grace unless we
consider it in its ultimate development, in that glory which is
the consummation of grace.
says the whole of Tradition,
Fundamentally, it is always the same supernatural life, the same
sanctifying grace and the same charity, but with two differences.
Here on earth we know God supernaturally, but not in the clearness
of vision; we know Him in the obscurity of faith. Moreover, while
we hope one day to possess Him finally and definitively, here on
earth it is always possible for us to lose Him by a mortal sin.
But, in spite of these two differences, relating to faith and
hope, it is the same life, the same sanctifying grace, and the
same charity. And so our Lord said to the Samaritan woman:
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'If
thou didst know the gift of God and who he is that saith to thee:
Give me to drink; thou perhaps wouldst have asked of him, and he
would have given thee living water.... He that shall drink of the
water that I will give him shall not thirst for ever. But the
water that I will give him shall become in him a fountain of water
springing up into life everlasting.' [25]
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And in the Temple, on
the last day of the feast of Tabernacles, Jesus stood and said in
a loud voice, not merely for the benefit of privileged souls, but
for all:
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'If any man thirst let him come to me and drink He that
believeth in me... out of his belly shall flow rivers of living
water.' [26]
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adds St. John,
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'of the Spirit
which they should receive who believed in him.'
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And in fact the
Holy Ghost is called fons vivus fons vitae: the living fountain,
the fountain of life.
Again Jesus says:
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'If any one love me he will keep my word (faith
alone, then, is not enough), and my Father will love him, and we
will come to him and will make our abode with him.' [27]
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Who will
come? Not only grace, God's created gift, but the divine Persons
will come: the Father and the Son, and also the promised Holy
Spirit. Thus the Holy Trinity dwells in us, in the obscurity of
faith, in very much the same way as It dwells in the souls of the
saints in heaven who see It face to face.
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'He that abideth in
charity abideth in God, and God in him.' [28]
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It is much more wonderful than any miracle, this supernatural
life. A miracle is an exercise of the divine omnipotence by which
God signifies that one of His servants speaks in His name, or that
he is of eminent sanctity. But even the raising of the dead to
life, the miracle by which a corpse is reanimated with its natural
life, is almost nothing in comparison with the resurrection of a
soul, which has been lying spiritually dead in sin and has now
been raised to the essentially supernatural life of grace.
Grace, then, is eternal life already begun within us, and this is
why Christ says:
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'The kingdom of God cometh not with observation.
Neither shall they say: Behold here or behold there. For lo, the
kingdom of God is within you.'[29]
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It is there, hidden within you,
like the grain of mustard seed, like the leaven which will cause
the whole of the meal to rise, like the treasure hidden in a
field, like the source from which gushes a river of water that
will never fail.
says St. John,
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'that we have passed
from death to life, because we love the brethren' ; [30]
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and
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'these things I write to you that you may know that you have
eternal life, you that believe in the name of the Son of God.'
[31]
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And Christ, His beloved master, had said:
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'This is eternal
life: that they may know thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ
whom thou hast sent.' [32]
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St. Thomas expresses this doctrine in the brief statement:
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'Gratia
nihil aliud est quam quaedam inchoatio gloriae in nobis: Grace
is nothing else but a certain beginning of glory within us.' [33]
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And Bossuet says the same thing:
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'Eternal life in its beginnings
consists in knowing God by faith (united with charity); in its
consummation eternal life consists in seeing God face to face,
unveiled. Jesus Christ gives us both the one and the other,
because He has merited it for us and because He is the source of
it in all the members to which He gives life.' [34]
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And therefore the Liturgy tells us, in the Preface used for the
Mass of the Dead.
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'Tuis enim fidelibus, Domine, vita mutatur, non
tollitur' : 'From them that believe in thee, O Lord, life is not
taken away; it is changed and transformed.'
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