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There are other questions calling for consideration:
First: Are both Acts and motions to be included in the category
of Action, with the distinction that Acts are momentary while
Motions, such as cutting, are in time? Or will both be regarded
as motions or as involving Motion?
Secondly: Will all activities be related to passivity, or will
some- for example, walking and speaking- be considered as
independent of it?
Thirdly: Will all those related to passivity be classed as
motions and the independent as Acts, or will the two classes
overlap? Walking, for instance, which is an independent, would,
one supposes, be a motion; thinking, which also does not
essentially involve "passivity," an Act: otherwise we must hold
that thinking and walking are not even actions. But if they are
not in the category of Action, where then in our classification
must they fall?
It may perhaps be urged that the act of thinking, together with
the faculty of thought, should be regarded as relative to the
thought object; for is not the faculty of sensation treated as
relative to the sensible object? If then, we may ask, in the
analogue the faculty of sensation is treated as relative to the
sensible object, why not the sensory act as well? The fact is
that even sensation, though related to an external object, has
something besides that relation: it has, namely, its own status
of being either an Act or a Passion. Now the Passion is separable
from the condition of being attached to some object and caused by
some object: so, then, is the Act a distinct entity. Walking is
similarly attached and caused, and yet has besides the status of
being a motion. It follows that thought, in addition to its
relationship, will have the status of being either a motion or an
Act.
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