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19. The work of planting the Church in a given human community
reaches a certain goal when the congregation of the faithful already
rooted in social life and somewhat conformed to the local culture,
enjoys a certain firmness and stability. That is to say, it is
already equipped with its own supple (perhaps still insufficient) of
local priests, Religious, and lay men, and is endowed with these
institutions and ministries which are necessary for leading and
expanding the life of the people of God under the guidance of their own
bishop.
In such new churches, the life of the People of God must mature in
all those fields of Christian life which are to be reformed by the
norms of this council. The congregations of the faithful become daily
more aware of their status as communities of faith, liturgy, and
love. The laity strive by their civic and apostolic activity to set up
a public order based on justice and love. The means of social
communication are put to wise use at the opportune time. By a truly
Christian life, families become seedbeds of the lay apostolate and of
vocations to the priesthood and the Religious life. Finally, the
Faith is taught by an adequate catechesis; it is celebrated in a
liturgy in harmony with the genius of the people, and by suitable
canonical legislation, it is introduced into upright institutions and
local customs.
The bishops, in turn, each one together with his own college of
priests, being more and more imbued with the mind of Christ and of the
Church, feel and live along with the universal Church. Let the
young church keep up an intimate communion with the whole Church,
whose tradition they should link to their own culture, in order to
increase, by a certain mutual exchange of forces, the life of the
Mystical Body. Hence, stress should be laid on those
theological, psychological, and human elements which can contribute to
fostering this sense of communion with the universal Church.
But these churches, very often located in the poorer portions of the
globe, are mostly suffering from a very serious lack of priests and of
material support. Therefore, they are badly in need of the continued
missionary activity of the whole Church to furnish them with those
subsidies which serve for the growth of the local Church, and above
all for the maturity of Christian life. This mission action should
also furnish help to those churches, founded long since, which are in
a certain state of regression or weakness.
Yet these churches should launch a common pastoral effort and suitable
works to increase the number of vocations to the diocesan clergy and to
religious institutes, to discern them more readily, and to train them
more efficiently, so that little by little these churches may be
able to provide for themselves and to bring aid to others.
20. Since the particular church is bound to represent the universal
Church as perfectly as possible, let it realize that it has been sent
to those also who are living in the same territory with it, and who do
not yet believe in Christ. By the life witness of each one of the
faithful and of the whole community, let the particular church be a
sign which points out Christ to others.
Furthermore, there is need of the ministry of the word, so that the
Gospel may reach all. The bishop should be first and foremost a
herald of the Faith, who leads new disciples to Christ. In
order that he may properly fulfill this noble task, let him thoroughly
study both the conditions of his flock, and the private opinions of his
countrymen concerning God, taking careful note also of those changes
which urbanization, migrations, and religious indifferentism have
introduced.
The local priests in the young churches should zealously address
themselves to the work of spreading the Gospel, and join forces with
the foreign missionaries who form with them one college of priests,
united under the authority of the bishop. They should do this, not
only with a view to the feeding the faithful flock, and to the
celebrating of divine worship, but also to the preaching of the Gospel
to those outside, let them show themselves ready, and when the
occasion presents itself, let them with a willing heart offer the
bishop their services for missionary work in distant and forsaken areas
of their own diocese or of other dioceses.
Let religious men and women, and the laity too, show the same fervent
zeal toward their countrymen, especially toward the poor.
Episcopal conferences should see to it that biblical, theological,
spiritual and pastoral refresher courses are held at stated intervals
with this intention, that amid all vicissitudes and changes the clergy
may acquire a fuller knowledge of the theological sciences and of
pastoral methods.
For the rest, those things which this council has laid down,
particularly in the Decree on the Life and Work of Priests, should
be religiously observed.
In order that this missionary work of the particular church may be
performed, there is need of qualified ministers, who are to be
prepared in due time in a way suited to the conditions of each church.
Now since men are more and more banding together into associations, it
is very fitting that episcopal conferences should form a common plan
concerning the dialogue to be held with such associations. But if
perchance in certain regions, groups of men are to be found who are
kept away from embracing the Catholic Faith because they cannot adapt
themselves to the peculiar form which the church has taken in there, it
is hoped that this condition will be provided for in a special
way, until such time as all Christians can gather together in
one community. Let..individual bishops call to their dioceses the
missionaries whom the Holy See may have on hand for this purpose; or
let them receive such missionaries glad]y, and support their
undertakings effectively.
In order that this missionary zeal may flourish among those in their
own homeland, it is very fitting that the young churches should
participate as soon as possible in the universal missionary work of the
Church, and send their own missionaries to proclaim the Gospel all
over the world, even though they themselves are suffering from a
shortage of clergy. For their communion with the universal Church
will be somehow brought to perfection when they themselves take an
active part in missionary zeal toward other nations.
21. The church has not been really founded, and is not yet fully
alive, nor is it a perfect sign of Christ among men, unless there is
a laity worthy of the name working along with the hierarchy. For the
Gospel cannot be deeply grounded in the abilities, life and work of
any people without the active presence of laymen. Therefore, even at
the very founding of a Church, great attention is to be paid to
establishing a mature, Christian laity.
For the lay faithful fully belong at one and the same time both to the
People of God and to civil society: they belong to the nation in
which they were born; they have begun to share in its cultural
treasures by means of their education; they are joined to its life by
manifold social ties; they are cooperating in its progress by their
efforts, each in his own profession; they feel its problems to be
their very own, and they are trying to solve them. They also belong
to Christ, because they were regenerated in the Church by faith and
by baptism, so that they are Christ's in newness of life and work
(cf. 1 Cor. 15:23), in order that in Christ, all things
may be made subject to God, and finally God will be all in all (cf.
Cor. 15:28).
Their main duty, whether they are men or women, is the witness which
they are bound to bear to Christ by their life and works in the home,
in their social milieu, and in their own professional circle. In
them, there must appear the new man created according to God in
justice and true holiness (cf. Eph. 4:24). But they must give
expression to this newness of life in the social and cultural framework
of their own homeland, according to their own national traditions.
They must be acquainted with this culture; they must heal it and
preserve it; they must develop it in accordance with modern
conditions, and finally perfect it in Christ, so that the Faith of
Christ and the life of the Church are no longer foreign to the society
in which they live, but begin to permeate and to transform it. Let
them be one with their fellow countrymen in sincere charity, so that
there appears in their way of life a new bond of unity and of universal
solidarity, which is drawn from the mystery of Christ. Let them also
spread the Faith of Christ among those with whom they live or have
professional connections - an obligation which is all the more urgent,
because very many men can hear of Christ and of the Gospel only by
means of the laity who are their neighbors. In fact, wherever
possible, the laity should be prepared, in more immediate cooperation
with the hierarchy, to fulfill a special mission of proclaiming the
Gospel and communicating Christian teachings, so that they may add
vigor to the nascent Church.
Let the clergy highly esteem the arduous apostolate of the laity. Let
them train the laity to become conscious of the responsibility which
they as members of Christ have for all men; let them instruct them
deeply in the mystery of Christ, introduce them to practical methods,
and be at their side in difficulties, according to the tenor of the
Constitution Lumen Gentium and the Decree Apostolicam
Actuositatem.
While pastors and laymen, then, retain each their own state of life
and their own responsibilities, let the whole young church render one
firm and vital witness to Christ, and become a shining beacon of the
salvation which comes to us in Christ.
22. The seed which is the word of God, watered by divine dew,
sprouts from the good ground and draws from thence its moisture, which
it transforms and assimilates into itself, and finally bears much
fruit. In harmony with the economy of the Incarnation, the young
churches, rooted in Christ and built up on the foundation of the
Apostles, take to themselves in a wonderful exchange all the riches of
the nations which were given to Christ as an inheritance (cf Ps.
2:8). They borrow from the customs and traditions of their
people, from their wisdom and their learning, from their arts and
disciplines, all those things which can contribute to the glory of
their Creator, or enhance the grace of their Savior, or dispose
Christian life the way it should be.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary that in each major socio -
cultural area, such theological speculation should be encouraged, in
the light of the universal Church's tradition, as may submit to a new
scrutiny the words and deeds which God has revealed, and which have
been set down in Sacred Scripture and explained by the Fathers and by
the magisterium.
Thus it will be more clearly seen in what ways faith may seek for
understanding, with due regard for the philosophy and wisdom of these
peoples; it will be seen in what ways their customs, views on life,
and social order, can be reconciled with the manner of living taught by
divine revelation. From here the way will be opened to a more profound
adaptation in the whole area of Christian life. By this manner of
acting, every appearance of syncretism and of false particularism will
be excluded, and Christian life will be accommodated to the genius and
the dispositions of each culture. Particular traditions,
together with the peculiar patrimony of each family of nations,
illumined by the light of the Gospel, can then be taken up into
Catholic unity. Finally, the young particular churches, adorned
with their own traditions, will have their own place in the
ecclesiastical communion, saving always the primacy of Peter's See,
which presides over the entire assembly of charity.
And so, it is to be hoped that episcopal conferences within the limits
of each major socio - cultural territory will so coordinate their
efforts that they may be able to pursue this proposal of adaptation with
one mind and with a common plan.
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