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Objection 1: It would seem that negligence cannot be a mortal sin.
For a gloss of Gregory [Moral. ix. 34] on Job 9:28, "I
feared all my works," etc. says that "too little love of God
aggravates the former," viz. negligence. But wherever there is
mortal sin, the love of God is done away with altogether. Therefore
negligence is not a mortal sin.
Objection 2: Further, a gloss on Ecclus. 7:34, "For thy
negligences purify thyself with a few," says: "Though the offering
be small it cleanses the negligences of many sins." Now this would
not be, if negligence were a mortal sin. Therefore negligence is not
a mortal sin.
Objection 3: Further, under the law certain sacrifices were
prescribed for mortal sins, as appears from the book of Leviticus.
Yet no sacrifice was prescribed for negligence. Therefore negligence
is not a mortal sin.
On the contrary, It is written (Prov. 19:16): "He that
neglecteth his own life shall die."
I answer that, As stated above (Article 2, ad 3), negligence
arises out of a certain remissness of the will, the result being a lack
of solicitude on the part of the reason in commanding what it should
command, or as it should command. Accordingly negligence may happen
to be a mortal sin in two ways. First on the part of that which is
omitted through negligence. If this be either an act or a circumstance
necessary for salvation, it will be a mortal sin. Secondly on the
part of the cause: for if the will be so remiss about Divine things,
as to fall away altogether from the charity of God, such negligence is
a mortal sin, and this is the case chiefly when negligence is due to
contempt.
But if negligence consists in the omission of an act or circumstance
that is not necessary for salvation, it is not a mortal but a venial
sin, provided the negligence arise, not from contempt, but from some
lack of fervor, to which venial sin is an occasional obstacle.
Reply to Objection 1: Man may be said to love God less in two
ways. First through lack of the fervor of charity, and this causes
the negligence that is a venial sin: secondly through lack of charity
itself, in which sense we say that a man loves God less when he loves
Him with a merely natural love; and this causes the negligence that is
a mortal sin.
Reply to Objection 2: According to the same authority (gloss), a
small offering made with a humble mind and out of pure love, cleanses
man not only from venial but also from mortal sin.
Reply to Objection 3: When negligence consists in the omission of
that which is necessary for salvation, it is drawn to the other more
manifest genus of sin. Because those sins that consist of inward
actions, are more hidden, wherefore no special sacrifices were
prescribed for them in the Law, since the offering of sacrifices was a
kind of public confession of sin, whereas hidden sins should not be
confessed in public.
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