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Objection 1: It would seem that six daughters are unfittingly
assigned to anger, namely "quarreling, swelling of the mind,
contumely, clamor, indignation and blasphemy." For blasphemy is
reckoned by Isidore [Questions. in Deut., qu. xvi] to be a
daughter of pride. Therefore it should not be accounted a daughter of
anger.
Objection 2: Further, hatred is born of anger, as Augustine says
in his rule (Ep. ccxi). Therefore it should be placed among the
daughters of anger.
Objection 3: Further, "a swollen mind" would seem to be the same
as pride. Now pride is not the daughter of a vice, but "the mother
of all vices," as Gregory states (Moral. xxxi, 45).
Therefore swelling of the mind should not be reckoned among the
daughters of anger.
On the contrary, Gregory (Moral. xxxi, 45) assigns these
daughters to anger.
I answer that, Anger may be considered in three ways. First, as
consisting in thought, and thus two vices arise from anger. one is on
the part of the person with whom a man is angry, and whom he deems
unworthy [indignum] of acting thus towards him, and this is called
"indignation." The other vice is on the part of the man himself, in
so far as he devises various means of vengeance, and with such like
thoughts fills his mind, according to Job 15:2, "Will a wise
man . . . fill his stomach with burning heat?" And thus we have
"swelling of the mind."
Secondly, anger may be considered, as expressed in words: and thus a
twofold disorder arises from anger. One is when a man manifests his
anger in his manner of speech, as stated above (Article 5, ad 3)
of the man who says to his brother, "Raca": and this refers to
"clamor," which denotes disorderly and confused speech. The other
disorder is when a man breaks out into injurious words, and if these be
against God, it is "blasphemy," if against one's neighbor, it is
"contumely."
Thirdly, anger may be considered as proceeding to deeds; and thus
anger gives rise to "quarrels," by which we are to understand all
manner of injuries inflicted on one's neighbor through anger.
Reply to Objection 1: The blasphemy into which a man breaks out
deliberately proceeds from pride, whereby a man lifts himself up
against God: since, according to Ecclus. 10:14, "the
beginning of the pride of man is to fall off from God," i.e. to
fall away from reverence for Him is the first part of pride [Question
162, Article 7, ad 2]; and this gives rise to blasphemy. But
the blasphemy into which a man breaks out through a disturbance of the
mind, proceeds from anger.
Reply to Objection 2: Although hatred sometimes arises from anger,
it has a previous cause, from which it arises more directly, namely
displeasure, even as, on the other hand, love is born of pleasure.
Now through displeasure, a man is moved sometimes to anger, sometimes
to hatred. Wherefore it was fitting to reckon that hatred arises from
sloth rather than from anger.
Reply to Objection 3: Swelling of the mind is not taken here as
identical with pride, but for a certain effort or daring attempt to
take vengeance; and daring is a vice opposed to fortitude.
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