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Objection 1: It would seem that a man is not bound to love his
neighbor more than his own body. For his neighbor includes his
neighbor's body. If therefore a man ought to love his neighbor more
than his own body, it follows that he ought to love his neighbor's
body more than his own.
Objection 2: Further, a man ought to love his own soul more than
his neighbor's, as stated above (Article 4). Now a man's own
body is nearer to his soul than his neighbor. Therefore we ought to
love our body more than our neighbor.
Objection 3: Further, a man imperils that which he loves less for
the sake of what he loves more. Now every man is not bound to imperil
his own body for his neighbor's safety: this belongs to the perfect,
according to Jn. 15:13: "Greater love than this no man hath,
that a man lay down his life for his friends." Therefore a man is not
bound, out of charity, to love his neighbor more than his own body.
On the contrary, Augustine says (De Doctr. Christ. i, 27)
that "we ought to love our neighbor more than our own body."
I answer that, Out of charity we ought to love more that which has
more fully the reason for being loved out of charity, as stated above
(Article 2; Question 25, Article 12). Now fellowship in
the full participation of happiness which is the reason for loving
one's neighbor, is a greater reason for loving, than the
participation of happiness by way of overflow, which is the reason for
loving one's own body. Therefore, as regards the welfare of the soul
we ought to love our neighbor more than our own body.
Reply to Objection 1: According to the Philosopher (Ethic. ix,
8) a thing seems to be that which is predominant in it: so that when
we say that we ought to love our neighbor more than our own body, this
refers to his soul, which is his predominant part.
Reply to Objection 2: Our body is nearer to our soul than our
neighbor, as regards the constitution of our own nature: but as
regards the participation of happiness, our neighbor's soul is more
closely associated with our own soul, than even our own body is.
Reply to Objection 3: Every man is immediately concerned with the
care of his own body, but not with his neighbor's welfare, except
perhaps in cases of urgency: wherefore charity does not necessarily
require a man to imperil his own body for his neighbor's welfare,
except in a case where he is under obligation to do so and if a man of
his own accord offer himself for that purpose, this belongs to the
perfection of charity.
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