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[1] Lit. "what Cyrus himself had been to the Lacedaemonians let the
Lacedaemonians in their turn be to Cyrus."
[2] Samius (Diod. Sic. xiv. 19). But see "Anab." I. iv. 2, where
Pythagoras is named as admiral. Possibly the one officer succeeded
the other.
[3] Lit. "as to how then Cyrus collected an army and with it went up
against his brother, and how the battle was fought and how he
died, and how in the sequal the Hellenes escaped to the sea (all
this), is written by (or 'for,' or 'in honour of') Themistogenes
the Syracusan." My impression is that Xenophon's "Anabasis," or a
portion of the work so named, was edited originally by
Themistogenes. See "Philol. Museum," vol. i. p. 489; L. Dindorf,
{Xen. Ell.}, Ox. MDCCCLIII., node ad loc. {Themistogenei}. Cf.
Diod. Sic. xiv. 19-31, 37, after Ephorus and Theopompus probably.
[4] At Trapezus, March 10, B.C. 400.
[5] {Prostatai}, "patrons and protectors."
[6] "As harmost." See "Anab." ad fin.
[7] See "Hell." I. iii. 15; Thuc. vii. 58.
[8] See "Hell." II. iv. 2.
[9] See "Anab." VI. vi. 12.
[10] March B.C. 399. See the final sentence of the "Anabasis."
[11] See "Anab." VII. viii. 8-16.
[12] Seventy stades S.E. of Cyme in the Aeolid. See Strabo, xiii. 621.
For the origin of the name cf. "Cyrop." VII. i. 45.
[13] Technically "navarchy," in B.C. 408-407. "Hell." I. v. 1.
[14] See Plut. "Aristid." 23 (Clough, ii. p. 309).
[15] I.e. as suzerain.
[16] Grote, "H. G." ix. 292; cf. Herod. viii. 69.
[17] Or, "his brains whimsied with insinuations."
[18] Grote ("H. G." ix. 294) says: "The reader will remark how
Xenophon shapes the narrative in such a manner as to inculcate the
pious duty in a general of obeying the warnings furnished by the
sacrifice--either for action or for inaction. . . . Such an
inference is never (I believe) to be found suggested in
Thucydides." See Brietenbach, "Xen. Hell." I et II, praef. in
alteram ed. p. xvii.
[19] I.e. take up a position, or "to order arms," whilst he addressed
them; not probably "to ground arms," as if likely to be mutinous.
[20] Lit. "of the taxiarchs and lochagoi."
[21] {Pheson kai agon}, i.e. "there was plenty of live stock to lift
and chattels to make away with."
[22] For Seuthes see "Anab." VII. i. 5; and below, IV. viii. 26.
[23] Lit. "twenty stades."
[24] Or, "slipping through the enemy's fingers, who took no heed of
them, they," etc.
[25] See Grote, "H. G." ix. 301.
[26] Or, reading after Cobet, {tas peri ekeina poleis}--"the cities of
that neighbourhood."
[27] See "Anab." VII. vii. 51.
[28] Lit. "eleven or twelve cities." For the natural productivity, see
"Anab." V. vi. 25.
[29] Lit. "thirty-seven stades." Mod. Gallipoli. See Herod. vi. 36;
Plut. "Pericl." xix.
[30] Cf. Isocr. "Panegyr." 70; Jebb. "Att. Or." ii. p. 161. Of Pellene
(or Pellana) in Laconia, not Pellene in Achaia? though that is the
opinion of Grote and Thirlwall.
[31] I.e. according to custom on the eve of battle. See "Pol. Lac."
xiii. 8.
[32] Lit. "they were splendid fellows to look at." See "Anab." II.
iii. 3.
[33] Lately unearthed. See "Class. Rev." v. 8, p. 391.
[34] In 421 B.C. (see Thuc. v. 31); for the second charge, see Thuc.
v. 49 foll.
[35] See "Mem." I. ii. 61; Thuc. v. 50; and Jowett, note ad loc. vol.
ii. p. 314.
[36] See Grote, "H. G." ix. 311 note.
[37] Lit. "perioecid."
[38] From the north. The Larisus is the frontier stream between Achaia
and Elis. See Strabo, viii. 387.
[39] Al. "on the coming round of the next year." See Jowett (note to
Thuc. i. 31), vol. ii. p. 33.
[40] On the south. For the history, see Busolt, "Die Laked." pp.
146-200. "The river" is the Alpheus.
[41] See below, VI. v. 11; Paus. IV. xv. 8.
[42] I.e. Elis, of which Cyllene is the port town. For the wealth of
the district, see Polyb. iv. 73; and below, VII. iv. 33.
[43] See Paus. III. viii. 4. He was a friend of Lysias ("Vit. X. Orat.
835).
[44] The house was filled to overflowing by the clustering close-
packed crowd.
[45] Grote ("H. G." ix. 316) discusses the date of this war between
Elis and Sparta, which he thinks, reaches over three different
years, 402-400 B.C. But Curtius (vol. iv. Eng. tr. p. 196)
disagrees: "The Eleian war must have occurred in 401-400 B.C., and
Grote rightly conjectures that the Eleians were anxious to bring
it to a close before the celebration of the festival. But he errs
in extending its duration over three years." See Diod. xiv. 17.
24; Paus. III. viii. 2 foll.
[46] Grote remarks: "There is something perplexing in Xenophon's
description of the Triphylian townships which the Eleians
surrendered" ("H. G." ix. 315). I adopt Grote's emend. {kai
Phrixan}. See Busolt, op. cit. p. 176.
[47] = 7,312 pounds: 10 shillings.
[48] I.e. the men of the Pisatid. See below, VII. iv. 28; Busolt, op.
cit. p 156.
[49] See "Ages." xi. 16; "Pol. Lac." xv. 9.
[50] I have followed Sauppe as usual, but see Hartman ("Anal. Xen." p.
327) for a discussion of the whole passage. He thinks Xenophon
wrote {ex ou gar toi ephugen} ({o sos pater}, i.e. adulterer) {ek
to thalamo dekato meni tu ephus}. The Doric {ek to thalamo} was
corrupted into {en to thalamo} and {kai ephane} inserted. This
corrupt reading Plutarch had before him, and hence his distorted
version of the story.
[51] See Plut. "Ages." ii. 4; "Lys." xxii. (Clough, iv. 3; iii. 129);
Paus. III. viii. 5.
[52] "Pol. Lac." xv. 2.
[53] For the {omoioi}, see Muller, "Dorians," iii. 5, 7 (vol. ii. p.
84); Grote, "H. G." ix. 345, note 2.
[54] For the neodamodes, hypomeiones, perioeci, see Arnold, "Thuc." v.
34; Muller, "Dorians," ii. 43, 84, 18; Busolt, op. cit. p 16.
[55] See "Anab." IV. viii. 14; and Hom. "Il." iv. 34.
[56] "And pointed to a well-concerted plan."
[57] See Grote, "H. G." ix. 348.
[58] See Thuc. i. 131; Plut. "Lys." 19 (Clough, iii. p. 125).
[59] "The Hippagretes (or commander of the three hundred guards called
horsemen, though they were not really mounted)." Grote, "H. G."
vol. ix. p. 349; see "Pol. Lac." iv. 3.
[60] Or, "to those on the way to Aulon."
[61] See for Cinadon's case, Arist. "Pol." v. 7, 3.
[62] See Grote, "H. G." ix. 353, for chronology, etc.
[63] Technically, "neodamodes."
[64] "Pol. Lac." xiii. 2 foll.
[65] Or, "To the several cities he had already despatched messengers
with directions," etc.; see Paus. III. ix. 1-3.
[66] See Freeman, "Hist. of Federal Government," ch. iv. "Constitution
of the Boeotian League," pp. 162, 163. The Boeotarchs, as
representatives of the several Boeotian cities, were the supreme
military commanders of the League, and, as it would appear, the
general administrators of Federal affairs. "The Boeotarchs of
course command at Delion, but they also act as administrative
magistrates of the League by hindering Agesilaus from sacrificing
at Aulis."
[67] Plut. "Ages." vi.; "Pelop." xxi. See Breitenb. op. cit. Praef. p.
xvi.; and below, III. v. 5; VI. iv. 23.
[68] For this corrupt passage, see Hartman, "Anal. Xen." p. 332; also
Otto Keller's critical edition of the "Hellenica" (Lips,
MDCCCLXXX.)
[69] See "Ages." iii. 3; "Anab." VI. v. 7.
[70] I.e. at Ephesus.
[71] Lit. "four plethra."
[72] See Xenophon's treatise "On Horsemanship," xii. 12.
[73] Lit. "lobeless," i.e. with a lobe of the liver wanting--a bad
sign.
[74] See Plut. "Marc." (Clough, ii. 262); Polyb. "Hist." x. 20.
[75] The neodamodes.
[76] I.e. Lydia. See Plut. "Ages." x. (Clough, iv. 11).
[77] See note to "Hell." II. iv. 32.
[78] = 17,062 pounds: 10 shillings.
[79] See Diod. xiv. 80.
[80] = 7,312 pounds: 10 shillings.
[81] See "Cyrop." VII. i. 45.
[82] See Grote, "H. G." ix. 327, note 3; Arist. "Pol." ii. 9, 33.
[83] = 12,187 pounds: 10 shillings.
[84] See Paus. III. ix. 8; Plut. "Ages." xv.
[85] Reading {nomizontes auton to arkhein} with Sauppe; or if, as
Breitinbach suggests, {enomizon de oukh outon to arkhesthai},
translate "but thought it was not for them to take the
initiative."
[86] For an alliance between Athens and the Locrians, B.C. 395, see
Hicks, 67; and below, IV. ii. 17.
[87] Lit. "the." See Paus. III. ix. 9.
[88] See Grote, "H. G." ix. 309, 403; viii. 355.
[89] "Hell." II. iv. 30, B.C. 403.
[90] See above, III. iv. 3; and below, VII. i. 34.
[91] See Paus. III. ix. 1-3.
[92] See Freeman, op. cit. p. 167, "Ill feeling between Thebes and
other towns."--"Against Thebes, backed by Sparta, resistance was
hopeless. It was not till long after that, at last [in 395 B.C.],
on a favourable opportunity during the Corinthian war, Orchomenos
openly seceded." And for the prior "state of disaffection towards
Thebes on the part of the smaller cities," see "Mem." III. v. 2,
in reference to B.C. 407.
[93] Lit. "perioecid."
[94] See "Hell." II. ii. 19; and below, VI. v. 35.
[95] Plut. "Lys." xv. "Erianthus the Theban gave his vote to pull down
the city, and turn the country into sheep-pasture."--Clough, iii.
121.
[96] See "Hell." II. iv. 30.
[97] See "Hell." II. iv. 38, 40, 41.
[98] Lit. "shield to shield."
[99] Lit. "to-day," "nowadays."
[100] {mala liparoumenoi}. See Thuc. i. 66 foll.; vi. 88.
[101] See "Pol. Lac." xiv.
[102] Grote ("H. G." ix. 323), referring to this passage, and to
"Hell." VI. iii. 8-11, notes the change in Spartan habits between
405 and 394 B.C. (i.e. between the victory of Aegospotami and the
defeat of Cnidos), when Sparta possessed a large public revenue
derived from the tribute of the dependent cities. For her earlier
condition, 432 B.C., cf. Thuc. i. 80. For her subsequent
condition, 334 B.C., cf. Arist. "Pol." ii. 6, 23.
[103] For the alliance between Boeotia and Athens, B.C. 395, see
Kohler, "C. I. A." ii. 6; Hicks, op. cit. 65; Lys. "pro Man." S.
13; Jebb, "Att. Or." i. p. 247; and the two speeches of the same
orator Lysias against Alcibiades (son of the famous Alcibiades),
on a Charge of Desertion ("Or." xiv.), and on a Charge of Failure
to Serve ("Or." xv.)--Jebb, op. cit. i. p. 256 foll.
[104] See Plut. "Lys." xxviii. (Clough, iii. 137).
[105] See Dem. "On the Crown," 258.
[106] Lit. "polemarchs and penteconters"--"colonels and lieutenants."
See "Pol. Lac." xi.
[107] Or, add, "as a further gravamen."
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