|
[1] {pros to koinon}, "h.e. vel ad ad senatum vel ad ephoros vel ad
concionem."--Sturz, "Lex. Xen." s.v.
[2] Or, "a life satisfying at once to soul and body."
[3] Or, "his underlord in Epirus." By hyparch, I suppose, is implied
that Alcetas regarded Jason as his suzerain. Diodorus (xv. 13, 36)
speaks of him as "king" of the Molossians.
[4] Or, "Prince," and below, "Thessaly so converted into a
Principality." "The Tagos of Thessaly was not a King, because his
office was not hereditary or even permanent; neither was he
exactly a Tyrant, because his office had some sort of legal
sanction. But he came much nearer to the character either of a
King or of a Tyrant than to that of a Federal President like the
General of the Achaians. . . . Jason of Pherai acts throughout
like a King, and his will seems at least as uncontrolled as that
of his brother sovereign beyond the Kambunian hills. Even Jason
seems to have been looked upon as a Tyrant (see below, 'Hell.' VI.
iv. 32); possibly, like the Athenian Demos, he himself did not
refuse the name" (cf. Arist. "Pol." iii. 4, 9).--Freeman, "Hist.
Fed. Gov." "No True Federation in Thessaly," iv. pp. 152 foll.
[5] See above, and Hicks, 74.
[6] Or, "peasantry."
[7] Or, reading {theoi}, after Cobet; translate "if providentially
they should send you."
[8] Reading {kai e su pratteis}, after Cobet. The chief MSS. give {ouk
ede anegkletos an dikaios eies en te patridi e se tima kai su
prattois ta kratista}, which might be rendered either, "and how be
doing best for yourself?" [lit. "and you would not be doing best
for yourself," {ouk an} carried on from previous clause], or
(taking {prattois} as pure optative), "may you be guided to adopt
the course best for yourself!" "may the best fortune attend you!
Farewell." See Otto Keller, op. cit. ad loc. for various
emendations.
[9] See "Cyrop." III. i. 19.
[10] For this sentiment, see "Mem." II. i. 20 et passim.
[11] Lit. "morai."
[12] See "Cyrop." I. i. 5.
[13] Lit. perioeci.
[14] It is conjectured that the Scopadae ruled at Pherae and Cranusa
in the earlier half of the fifth century B.C.; see, for the change
of dynasty, what is said of Lycophron of Pherae in "Hell." II.
iii. 4. There was a famous Scopas, son of Creon, to whom Simonides
addressed his poem--
[15] See Curtius, "H. G." vol. iv. p. 376 (Eng. trans.)
[16] See Hicks, 81, p. 142.
[17] Ibid. 81, 86.
[18] Lit. "five stades."
[19] See Thuc. i. 36.
[20] The name of the general was Ctesicles, according to Diod. xv. 47.
Read {strategon} for {tagon}, with Breitenbach, Cobet, etc. For
Alcetas, see above, "Hell." VI. i. 7.
[21] I.e. by show of hands, {ekheirotonoun}.
[22] See Jowett, note to Thuc. VIII. xcv. 2, ii. p. 525.
[23] The two sacred galleys. See Thuc. iii. 33; Aristoph. "Birds," 147
foll.
[24] Or, "he would knock them all down to the hammer."
[25] Or, "cut off from their pay."
[26] Lit. "lochagoi and taxiarchs."
[27] Or, "to retaliate"; or, "to complete the movement."
[28] Reading, after Dindorf, {oi politai}, or, if with the MSS., {oi
oplitai}; translate "the heavy-armed among the assailants saw
their advantage and pressed on."
[29] Cape Fish, mod. Cape Katakolon, protecting harbour of Pyrgos in
Elis.
[30] Lit. "the voyage."
[31] Thyreum (or Thyrium), in Acarnania, a chief city at the time of
the Roman wars in Greece; and according to Polybius (xxxviii. 5),
a meeting-place of the League on one occasion. See "Dict. Anct.
Geog." s.v.; Freeman, op. cit. iv. 148; cf. Paus. IV. xxvi. 3, in
reference to the Messenians and Naupactus; Grote, "H. G." x. 212.
[32] Reading with the MSS. {ou mala epitedeion onta}. See Grote, "H.
G." x. 206. Boeckh ("P. E. A.," trans. Cornewall Lewis, p. 419)
wished to read {eu mala} for {ou mala k.t.l.}, in which case
translate "the former a popular orator, and a man of singular
capacity"; and for {epitedeion} in that sense, see "Hipparch." i.
8; for {eu mala}, see "Hipparch." i. 25. For details concerning
Callistratus, see Dindorf, op. cit. note ad. loc.; Curtius, "H.
G." iv. 367, 381 foll., v. 90. For Chabrias, Rehdantz, op. cit. In
the next sentence I have again adhered to the reading of the MSS.,
but the pasage is commonly regarded as corrupt; see Otto Keller,
op. cit. p. 215 for various emendations.
[33] Plataea destroyed in B.C. 373. See Jowett, "Thuc." ii. 397.
[34] See below, "Hell." VII. i. 12; Hicks, 87.
[35] The bracketed words read like an annotator's comment, or possibly
they are a note by the author.
[36] See above, "Hell." II. iv. 38.
[37] See above, "Hell." IV. v. 13; Cobet, "Prosop. Xen." p. 67 foll.;
Xen. "Symp."; Plat. "Protag."; Andoc. "de Myst." If this is one
and the same person he must have been an elderly man at this date,
371 B.C.
[38] B.C. 387 and 374; see Curtius, "H. G." vol. iv. p. 376 (Eng. ed.)
[39] For the political views of Autocles, see Curtius, "H. G." iv. 387,
v. 94 (Eng. tr.); see also Grote, "H. G." x. 225.
[40] Or, "what consistency is there between these precepts of yours and
political independence?"
[41] Sixteen years before--B.C. 387. See "Pol. Lac." xiv. 5.
[42] Reading, with Breitenbach and Hartman, {as} instead of {os
espoudasate k.t.l.}
[43] Or, more lit. "to avert the peace" as an ill-omened thing.
[44] Without inserting {tis}, as Hartman proposes ("An. Xen." p. 387),
that, I think, is the sense. Antalcidas is the arch-diplomat--a
name to conjure with, like that of Bismarck in modern European
politics. But see Grote, "H. G." x. 213, note 2.
[45] See, for this corrupt passage, Otto Keller, op. cit. p. 219;
Hartman, op. cit. p. 387; and Breitenbach, n. ad loc. In the next
sentence I should like to adopt Hartman's emendation (ib.) {on
orthos egnote} for the MSS. {a orthos egnomen}, and translate "we
may like to prove to you the soundness of your policy at the
time." For the "preservation" referred to, see below, VI. v. 35,
and above, II. ii. 20.
[46] Grote ("H. G." x. 236) thinks that Diod. xv. 38 ({exagogeis})
belongs to this time, not to the peace between Athens and Sparta
in 374 B.C.
[47] See, for a clear explanation of the matter, Freeman, "Hist. Red.
Gov." iv. p. 175, note 3, in reference to Grote, ib. x. 231 note,
and Paus. IX. xiii. 2; Plut. "Ages." 28; Thirlwall, "H. G." v. p
69 note.
[48] Or, "as the saying is, taken and tithed." See below, VI. v. 35,
and for the origin of the saying, Herod. vii. 132.
[49] See Grote, "H. G." x. 237: "The miso-Theban impulse now drove them
on with a fury which overcame all other thoughts . . . a
misguiding inspiration sent by the gods--like that of the Homeric
Ate."
[50] This passage reads like an earlier version for which the above was
substituted by the author.
[51] Or, "was provoked."
[52] Lit. "perioecid." See Thuc. iv. 76, Arnold's note, and "Hell." V.
iv. 46, 63.
[53] See Diod. xv. 54; Paus. IX. xiii. 3; Plut. "Pelop." xx.
[54] Or, "it is true that some people made out these marvels."
[55] Or, "they were somewhat excited by it."
[56] Or, "surrounded them."
[57] See Rustow and Kochly, op. cit. p. 173.
[58] See "Hipparch." ix. 4; also "Cyrop." VIII. viii.
[59] It would appear that the "enomoty" (section) numbered thirty-six
files. See "Pol. Lac." xi. 4; xiii. 4. For further details as to
the tactical order of the Thebans, see Diod. xv. 55; Plut.
"Pelop." xxiii.
[60] See above, V. iv. 33.
[61] {sumphoreis}. For the readings of this corrupt passage see Otto
Keller.
[62] Or, "in orderly way." See Curt. "H. G." iv. 400.
[63] See "Ages." ii. 24.
[64] {tous epikairiotatous}. See above, III. iii. 10; "Cyrop." VII.
iv. 4; VIII. iv. 32, vi. 2.
[65] The festival was celebrated annually about midsummer. See Herod.
vi. 67; Thuc. v. 82, and Arnold's note; Pollux. iv. 105; Athen.
xiv. 30, xv. 22; Muller, "Dorians," ii. 389.
[66] I.e. every one up to fifty-eight years of age.
[67] See below, VI. v. 9.
[68] Or, "though the Phocians maintained a war 'a outrance' with him."
[69] Cf. "Anab." III. ii. 10.
[70] Or, "the invincibles."
[71] Lit. "your proxenos."
[72] An ancient town in Phocis (see Hom. "Il." ii. 521) on the road
leading from Orchomenus to Opus, and commanding a pass from Locris
into Phocis and Boeotia. See Herod. viii. 28; Paus. ix. 35, S. 5;
Strab. ix. 424; "Dict. of Geog." s.v.
[73] Or, "Heracleia Trachinia," a fortress city founded (as a colony)
by the Lacedaemonians in B.C. 426, to command the approach to
Thermopylae from Thessaly, and to protect the Trachinians and the
neighbouring Dorians from the Oetean mountaineers. See "Dict. of
Geog." "Trachis"; Thuc. iii. 92, 93, v. 51, 52; Diod. xii. 59.
[74] B.C. 370. The following sections 28-37 form an episode concerning
Thessalian affairs between B.C. 370 and B.C. 359.
[75] Lit. "Tagos."
[76] For a similar verbal climax see below, VI. v. 47.
[77] Lit. "Tagoi."
[78] See above, VI. i. 2 foll.
[79] See Dem. "c. Aristocr." 120; Diod. xv. 60 foll.
[80] B.C. 359 or 358.
[81] The woman's name was Thebe. See Diod. xvi. 14; Cicero, "de
Inven." II. xlix. 144; "de Div." I. xxv. 52; "de Off." II. vii.
25; Ovid, "Ibis," iii. 21 foll.
[82] Or, "portion of my work;" lit. "argument," {logos}. See
{Kuprianos, Peri ton 'Ell}: p. 111.
[83] I.e. in B.C. 387, the peace "of" Antalcidas. See Grote, "H. G." x.
274.
[84] See Busolt, op. cit. p. 186.
[85] For the restoration of Mantinea, see Freeman, "Fed. Gov." iv. p.
198; Grote, "H. G." x. 283 foll.
[86] See above, V. ii. 1, sub anno B.C. 386.
[87] = 731 pounds: 5 shillings. See Busolt, op. cit. p. 199.
[88] Although the historian does not recount the foundation of
Megalopolis (see Pausanias and Diodorus), the mention of the
common assembly of the League {en to koino} in this passage and,
still more, of the Ten Thousand (below, "Hell." VII. i. 38),
implies it. See Freeman, op. cit. iv. 197 foll.; Grote, "H. G." x.
306 foll., ii. 599; "Dict. of Geog." "Megalopolis." As to the date
of its foundation Pausanias (VIII. xxvii. 8) says "a few months
after the battle of Leuctra," before midsummer B.C. 370; Diodorus
(xv. 72) says B.C. 368. The great city was not built in a day.
Messene, according to Paus. IV. xxvii. 5, was founded between the
midsummers of B.C. 370 and B.C. 369.
[89] Lit. "in the Thearoi." For the Theari, see Thuc. v. 47, Arnold's
note; and "C. I. G." 1756 foll.; and for the revolution at Tegea
here recounted, see Grote, "H. G." x. 285 foll.
[90] Or, "they mustered under arms."
[91] Or, "opposed to a wholesale slaughter of the citizens."
[92] Pallantium, one of the most ancient towns of Arcadia, in the
Maenalia (Paus. VIII. xliv. 5; Livy, i. 5), situated somewhat
south of the modern Tripolitza (see "Dict. of Anc. Geog."); like
Asea and Eutaea it helped to found Megalopolis (Paus. VIII. xxvii.
3, where for {'Iasaia} read {'Asea}); below, VII. v. 5; Busolt,
op. cit. p. 125.
[93] For the sequel of the matter, see above, "Hell." VI. iv. 18;
Busolt, op. cit. p. 134.
[94] Asea is placed by Leake ("Travels in Morea," i. 84; iii. 34) near
Frangovrysi, a little south of Pallantium.
[95] Elymia, mentioned only by Xenophon, must have been on the
confines of the Mantinice and Orchomenus, probably at Levidhi.--
Leake, "Morea," iii. 75; "Peloponn." p. 229.
[96] See "Cyrop." VII. i. 36.
[97] See "Ages." ii. 23.
[98] See Leake, "Morea," iii. 73.
[99] Lit. "twenty stades."
[100] Lit. "within the hindmost bosom of the Mantinice." In reference
to the position, Leake ("Morea," iii. 75) says: "The northern bay
[of the Mantinic plain between Mantinea and the Argon] corresponds
better by its proximity to Mantinea; by Mount Alesium it was
equally hidden from the city, while its small dimensions, and the
nearness of the encumbent mountains, rendered it a more hazardous
position to an army under the circumstances of that of Agesilaus"
[than had he encamped in the Argon itself]. For the Argon (or
Inert Plain), see Leake, ib. 54 foll.
[101] See "Anab." IV. iii. 29; "Pol. Lac." xi. 10.
[102] 2,437 pounds: 10 shillings. See Busult, op. cit. p. 199.
[103] Lit. "perioeci"; and below, SS. 25, 32.
[104] Or, "effect a junction with."
[105] Or, "in practising gymnastics about the place of arms." See "Pol.
Lac." xii. 5.
[106] See "Hell." IV. vii. 1; "Ages." ii. 20. For a sketch of the
relations of Acarnania to Athens and Sparta, see Hicks, No. 83, p.
150; and above, "Hell." V. iv. 64.
[107] Leuctrum, a fortress of the district Aegytis on the confines of
Arcadia and Laconia ("in the direction of Mount Lycaeum," Thuc. v.
54). See Leake, "Morea," ii. 322; also "Peloponn." p. 248, in
which place he corrects his former view as to the situation of
Leuctrum and the Maleatid.
[108] "Perioeci."
[109] Diodorus (xv. 64) gives more details; he makes the invaders
converge upon Sellasia by four separate routes. See Leake,
"Morea," iii. 29 foll.
[110] See Pausanias, III. xix. 7.
[111] See Plutarch, "Ages." xxxi. 3 (Clough, vol. iv. p. 38); Aristot.
"Pol." ii. 9-10.
[112] See below, VII. ii. 2.
[113] For this ancient (Achaean) town, see Paus. III. ii. 6; Polyb. v.
19. It lay only twenty stades (a little more than two miles) from
the city of Sparta.
[114] Or, "hippodrome." See Paus. III. ii. 6.
[115] Paus. III. xvi. 2.
[116] See Baedeker's "Greece," p. 279. Was Gytheum taken? See Grote,
"H. G." x. 305; Curt. "H. G." Eng. trans. iv. 431.
[117] "Perioeci." See above, III. iii. 6; VI. v. 25; below, VII. ii. 2;
Grote, "H. G." x. 301. It is a pity that the historian should
hurry us off to Athens just at this point. The style here is
suggestive of notes ({upomnemata}) unexpanded.
[118] In reference (1) to the expulsion of the Peisistratidae (Herod.
v. 64); (2) the "third" Messenian war (Thuc. i. 102).
[119] See "Revenues," v. 6.
[120] Or, "the Thebans be decimated"; for the phrase see above, "Hell."
VI. iii. 20.
[121] See "Hell." II. ii. 19; and "Hell." III. v. 8.
[122] Lit. "because," {oti}.
[123] Lit. "to acquire some good."
[124] Or, "for what," etc.
[125] See "Hell." II. ii. 19; III. v. 8, in reference to B.C. 405.
[126] In reference to the Seven against Thebes, see Herod. IX. xxvii.
4; Isoc. "Paneg." 55.
[127] Herod. IX. xxvii. 3; see Isoc. "Paneg." 56. "The greatness of
Sparta was founded by the succour which Athens lent to the
Heraklid invaders of the Peloponnese--a recollection which ought
to restrain Sparta from injuring or claiming to rule Athens.
Argos, Thebes, Sparta were in early times, as they are now, the
foremost cities of Hellas; but Athens was the greatest of them all
--the avenger of Argos, the chastiser of Thebes, the patron of
those who founded Sparta."--Jebb, "Att. Or." ii. 154.
[128] Plut. "Lyc." vi.
[129] As to the anti-Laconian or Boeotian party at Athens, see Curtius,
"H. G." vol. v. ch. ii. (Eng. tr.)
[130] See Baedeker, "Greece," p. 103.
[131] See "Hipparch." viii. 10 foll.
[132] See Diod. xv. 63; Plut. "Pelop." 24.
|
|
